Toussaint Louverture was a former slave, the George Washington of Haiti, and his name translates “all saints or souls” and “the opening”. In 1794, slavery was abolished and in May 1801, the leader of the rebellion, Toussaint Louverture, was made governor-general.
#Ayiti the cost of life hacked free#
There was also a wealthy mulatto class and a small number of free blacks, who had no political rights.ġ9th Century Inspired by the Revolution, an uprising took place starting in 1791. Among the rest were very rich white, often absentee, landowners (grands blancs), who sided with the opposition to the revolutionaries, and a poor white artisan class (petits blancs), who embraced the ideas of the French Revolution. Dominique was about 523,000 and consisted of 456,000 slaves. In 1789, the French Revolution began and the ideas of the Rights of Man spread throughout the population on the island. Only a minority of slaves were born on the island.
20,000 slaves had to be imported annually just to maintain the workforce. The treatment of the slaves, who came from 10 or more different tribes in Africa, was extremely abusive, and the death rate was high. In 1697, Spain ceded the western third of the island to France as part of the Treaty of Ryswick and the colony was named Saint-Dominque.ġ8th Century The French colony became the most prosperous in the New World due to slave labor on the coffee, cotton, indigo, cocoa and sugar plantations. French entrepreneurs began plantations and founded Port de Paix in the northwest in 1664 and also Cap Francois, now known as Cap Haitien. Spaniards settled mostly the eastern end of the island and within the next 40 years, the entire native Arawak population, who called the island Aayti, meaning “mountainous country”, died of European diseases against which they had no immunity, or were killed, enslaved or fled.ġ7th Century French pirates often raided the western end of the island, so Spain eventually withdrew their defense as it was too expensive/difficult. There were 5 major native tribes on the island at that time, with as many as 200,000 – 400,000 people living there. About 62% of the primary aged youth attend primary school and about 18% attend secondary school 90% of schools are private.ġ492 and 16th Century Columbus discovered the island on his first voyage to the New World and named it Hispaniola. 9% of the population have only primary education, whereas, in Haiti, only 8.6% of the population has a secondary education. In the USA the average is 3,318 calories or 132% of the minimum requirement.Įducation: In Haiti, the literacy rate is 60.7%. Haitians consume on average 1,977 calories per day, 87% of the minimum requirement. In the USA this ratio is 9.2 per 4,000 people.
In Haiti the infant mortality rate is 48 deaths/1,000 live births in the US it is 6 deaths/1,000 live births. In the USA, the life expectancy for a black person is 76 years, and for a white person, it is 79 years. Health: Life expectancy in Haiti is 63.4 years. The median black household income in MN is $27,000. Minnesota’s median household income in 2014 was $58,476. Of those living in rural areas, 80% live in dire poverty. About 37% of the population lives in urban areas, and their income averages $409 per year. The median black household income in MN is $27,000.Įconomic condition: In Haiti, the average annual per capita income is about $350. Economic condition: In Haiti, the average annual per capita income is about $350.
While French is an "official" language, is taught in schools, and all government documents are in French, it has limited use otherwise.
While everyone speaks Creole every day, only a few people actually speak French to one another - in the government and at most universities. A Protestant missionary created this system and officially adopted in 1961. The spelling of Creole is phonetically based on English and not a written language until after World War II. Creole is a language with West African grammatical structures but with a 90% French vocabulary. Languages: French and Creole are the official languages. Minnesota’s population (2014 estimate) is 5,457,000 for a density of 63 per square mile.Įthnic composition: About 94% are of African origin with the rest being of African-European or another origin. Population: (CIA/World Factbook 2016 estimate) about 10,110,000 people Density: 364 persons per square mile (terrain is 70% mountainous). Size: 27,750 square miles Compare this to Minnesota, which has 86,943 square miles.
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